Exposing an External IP Address to Access an Application in a Cluster

This page shows how to create a Kubernetes Service object that exposes an external IP address.

Before you begin

• Install kubectl.
• Use a cloud provider like Google Kubernetes Engine or Amazon Web Services to create a Kubernetes cluster. This tutorial creates an external load balancer, which requires a cloud provider.
• Configure kubectl to communicate with your Kubernetes API server. For instructions, see the documentation for your cloud provider.

Objectives

• Run five instances of a Hello World application.
• Create a Service object that exposes an external IP address.
• Use the Service object to access the running application.

Creating a service for an application running in five pods

1. Run a Hello World application in your cluster:

   service/load-balancer-example.yaml

   apiVersion: apps/v1
   kind: Deployment
   metadata:
     labels:
       app.kubernetes.io/name: load-balancer-example
     name: hello-world
   spec:
     replicas: 5
     selector:
       matchLabels:
         app.kubernetes.io/name: load-balancer-example
     template:
       metadata:
         labels:
           app.kubernetes.io/name: load-balancer-example
       spec:
         containers:
         - image: gcr.io/google-samples/hello-app:2.0
           name: hello-world
           ports:
           - containerPort: 8080
   

   kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/service/load-balancer-example.yaml
   

   The preceding command creates a Deployment and an associated ReplicaSet. The ReplicaSet has five Pods each of which runs the Hello World application.

2. Display information about the Deployment:

   kubectl get deployments hello-world
   kubectl describe deployments hello-world
   

3. Display information about your ReplicaSet objects:

   kubectl get replicasets
   kubectl describe replicasets
   

4. Create a Service object that exposes the deployment:

   kubectl expose deployment hello-world --type=LoadBalancer --name=my-service
   

5. Display information about the Service:

   kubectl get services my-service
   

   The output is similar to:

   NAME         TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP      PORT(S)    AGE
   my-service   LoadBalancer   10.3.245.137   104.198.205.71   8080/TCP   54s
   

   Note:

   The type=LoadBalancer service is backed by external cloud providers, which is not covered in this example. Please refer to setting type: LoadBalancer for your Service for the details.

   Note:

   If the external IP address is shown as <pending>, wait for a minute and enter the same command again.

6. Display detailed information about the Service:

   kubectl describe services my-service
   

   The output is similar to:

   Name:           my-service
   Namespace:      default
   Labels:         app.kubernetes.io/name=load-balancer-example
   Annotations:    <none>
   Selector:       app.kubernetes.io/name=load-balancer-example
   Type:           LoadBalancer
   IP:             10.3.245.137
   LoadBalancer Ingress:   104.198.205.71
   Port:           <unset> 8080/TCP
   NodePort:       <unset> 32377/TCP
   Endpoints:      10.0.0.6:8080,10.0.1.6:8080,10.0.1.7:8080 + 2 more...
   Session Affinity:   None
   Events:         <none>
   

   Make a note of the external IP address (LoadBalancer Ingress) exposed by your service. In this example, the external IP address is 104.198.205.71. Also note the value of Port and NodePort. In this example, the Port is 8080 and the NodePort is 32377.

7. In the preceding output, you can see that the service has several endpoints: 10.0.0.6:8080,10.0.1.6:8080,10.0.1.7:8080 + 2 more. These are internal addresses of the pods that are running the Hello World application. To verify these are pod addresses, enter this command:

   kubectl get pods --output=wide
   

   The output is similar to:

   NAME                         ...  IP         NODE
   hello-world-2895499144-1jaz9 ...  10.0.1.6   gke-cluster-1-default-pool-e0b8d269-1afc
   hello-world-2895499144-2e5uh ...  10.0.1.8   gke-cluster-1-default-pool-e0b8d269-1afc
   hello-world-2895499144-9m4h1 ...  10.0.0.6   gke-cluster-1-default-pool-e0b8d269-5v7a
   hello-world-2895499144-o4z13 ...  10.0.1.7   gke-cluster-1-default-pool-e0b8d269-1afc
   hello-world-2895499144-segjf ...  10.0.2.5   gke-cluster-1-default-pool-e0b8d269-cpuc
   

8. Use the external IP address (LoadBalancer Ingress) to access the Hello World application:

   curl http://<external-ip>:<port>
   

   where <external-ip> is the external IP address (LoadBalancer Ingress) of your Service, and <port> is the value of Port in your Service description. If you are using minikube, typing minikube service my-service will automatically open the Hello World application in a browser.

   The response to a successful request is a hello message:

   Hello, world!
   Version: 2.0.0
   Hostname: 0bd46b45f32f
   

Cleaning up

To delete the Service, enter this command:

kubectl delete services my-service

To delete the Deployment, the ReplicaSet, and the Pods that are running the Hello World application, enter this command:

kubectl delete deployment hello-world

What's next

Learn more about connecting applications with services.